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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Current sheet ： ウィキペディア英語版 Current sheet A current sheet is an electric current that is confined to a surface, rather than being spread through a volume of space. Current sheets feature in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), the study of the behavior of electrically conductive fluids: if there is an electric current through part of the volume of such a fluid, magnetic forces tend to expel it from the fluid, compressing the current into thin layers that pass through the volume. The largest occurring current sheet in the Solar System is the so-called Heliospheric current sheet, which is about 10,000 km thick, and extends from the Sun and out beyond the orbit of Pluto. In astrophysical plasmas such as the solar corona, current sheets may have an aspect ratio (breadth divided by thickness) as high as 100,000:1.〔Biskamp, Dieter (1997) ''Nonlinear Magnetohydrodynamics'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, (page 130 ), ISBN 0-521-59918-0〕 By contrast, the pages of most books have an aspect ratio close to 2000:1. Because current sheets are so thin in comparison to their size, they are often treated as if they have zero thickness; this is a result of the simplifying assumptions of ideal MHD. In reality, no current sheet may be infinitely thin because that would require infinitely fast motion of the charge carriers whose motion causes the current. Current sheets in plasmas store energy by increasing the energy density of the magnetic field. Many plasma instabilities arise near strong current sheets, which are prone to collapse, causing magnetic reconnection and rapidly releasing the stored energy.〔Biskamp, Dieter (May 1986) "Magnetic reconnection via current sheets" ''Physics of Fluids'' 29: pp. 1520-1531, 〕 This process is the cause of solar flares〔Low, B. C. and Wolfson, R. (1988) "Spontaneous formation of electric current sheets and the origin of solar flares" ''Astrophysical Journal'' 324(11): pp. 574-581〕 and is one reason for the difficulty of magnetic confinement fusion, which requires strong electric currents in a hot plasma. ==Magnetic field of an infinite current sheet== An infinite current sheet can be modelled as an infinite number of parallel wires all carrying the same current. Assuming each wire carries current ''I'', and there are ''N'' wires per unit length, the magnetic field can be derived using Ampère's law: :$\backslash oint\_\; \backslash mathbf\backslash cdot\backslash mathbf\; =\; \backslash mu\_0\; I\_$ :$\backslash oint\_\; B\; ds\; \backslash cos\; =\; \backslash mu\_0\; I\_$ R is a rectangular loop surrounding the current sheet, perpendicular to the plane and perpendicular to the wires. In the two sides perpendicular to the sheet, $\backslash mathbf\backslash cdot\backslash mathbf\; =\; 0$ since $\backslash cos\; (90)\; =\; 0$. In the other two sides, $\backslash cos\; (0)\; =\; 1$, so if S is one parallel side of the rectangular loop of dimensions L x W, the integral simplifies to: :$2\backslash int\_\; B\; ds\; =\; \backslash mu\_0\; I\_$ Since ''B'' is constant due to the chosen path, it can be pulled out of the integral: :$2B\; \backslash int\_\; ds\; =\; \backslash mu\_0\; I\_$ The integral is evaluated: :$2BL\; =\; \backslash mu\_0\; I\_$ Solving for ''B'', plugging in for ''Ienc'' (total current enclosed in path ''R'') as ''I'' *''N'' *''L'', and simplifying: :$B\; =\; \backslash frac$ :$B\; =\; \backslash frac$ :$B\; =\; \backslash frac$ Notably, the magnetic field strength of an infinite current sheet does not depend on the distance from it. The direction of B can be found via the right-hand rule. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Current sheet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.